Predictive Factors for Access-Site Pain Chronicity after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention via Radial Artery Access

Table 2

Predictors for acute access-site pain following percutaneous coronary intervention.

Predictors	Pain development
	After 2 h			After 12 h			After 24 h			After 48 h
	OR	95% CI		OR	95% CI		OR	95% CI		OR	95% CI
Age	1.00	0.98–1.03	0.601	1.00	0.97–1.04	0.553	0.98	0.95–1.02	0.560	0.97	0.93–1.02	0.335
Gender (female)	2.50	1.23–5.08	0.011	1.67	0.83–3.36	0.147	2.33	0.93–5.83	0.070	2.64	0.86–8.08	0.088
Fear before PCI	4.53	1.84–11.14	0.001	3.63	1.66–7.93	0.001	1.33	0.51–3.47	0.556	0.75	0.20–2.79	0.673
Procedure duration	0.99	0.98–1.01	0.697	1.00	0.98–1.01	0.895	1.01	0.99–1.02	0.169	1.00	0.98–1.02	0.717
Times that performed PCI	0.79	0.42–1.50	0.485	1.23	0.64–2.35	0.525	0.85	0.361–1.99	0.709	0.79	0.27–2.27	0.667
Bandage removal duration	0.98	0.93–1.034	0.500	1.00	0.95–1.05	0.977	1.01	0.94–1.08	0.737	0.99	0.92–1.08	0.979
Access-site complications after PCI	6.68	2.80–15.89	<0.001	4.34	2.06–9.13	<0.001	6.18	2.44–15.66	<0.001	7.74	2.45–24.43	<0.001
Arterial bleeding from access-site	14.20	1.79–112.23	0.012	3.56	1.13–11.23	0.030	1.41	0.35–5.58	0.625	0.60	0.17–3.10	0.545
Hematoma	3.40	1.53–7.53	0.003	2.67	1.27–5.58	0.009	6.05	2.35–15.57	<0.001	6.85	2.17–21.60	0.001
Hand swelling following haemostasis	3.19	1.60–6.32	0.001	3.53	1.64–7.58	0.001	1.99	0.75–5.30	0.165	1.80	0.55–5.84	0.328

Note. IHD: ischemic heart disease. PCI: percutaneous cardiac intervention.