Research Article
Predictive Factors for Access-Site Pain Chronicity after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention via Radial Artery Access
Table 4
Prognostic factors for prediction of access-site pain chronicity development.
| Prognostic factors | Value | OR | 95% CI | |
| Age | Years | 1.00 | 0.93–1.09 | 0.825 | Gender | Female | 3.64 | 0.57–23.46 | 0.174 | BMI | 25–29.99 | 0.62 | 0.84–4.60 | 0.642 | 30+ | 0.68 | 0.09–5.11 | 0.714 | Smoking | Present | 0.42 | 0.04–4.10 | 0.460 | IHD | Present | 0.60 | 0.34–1.07 | 0.085 | Diabetes | Present | 5.77 | 1.07–31.08 | 0.041 | Hypertension | Present | 1.34 | 0.15–11.9 | 0.791 | Dyslipidemia | Present | 0.74 | 0.15–3.82 | 0.725 | Other comorbidities | Present | 0.46 | 0.05–4.29 | 0.499 | Fear before PCI | Present | 1.83 | 0.32–10.49 | 0.493 | Previous history of PCI | Yes | 0.73 | 0.12–4.10 | 0.717 | Procedure duration | Minutes | 1.01 | 0.99–1.03 | 0.129 | Bandage removal duration | Minutes | 0.95 | 0.84–1.09 | 0.522 | Access-site complications after PCI | Present | 5.66 | 0.95–33.75 | 0.057 | Arterial bleeding from access-site | Present | 1.96 | 0.19–19.30 | 0.561 | Hematoma | Present | 6.48 | 1.06–39.65 | 0.043 | Neuropathy | Present | 19.93 | 1.27–312.32 | 0.033 | Hand swelling following haemostasis | Present | 0.99 | 0.18–5.64 | 0.991 |
| Access-site pain | | | | | Immediately after PCI | Present | 14.60 | 1.63–130.27 | 0.016 | After 2 h | Present | — | — | — | After 12 h | Present | 17.21 | 1.59–185.27 | 0.019 | After 24 h | Present | 48.74 | 4.87–487.2 | 0.001 | After 48 h | Present | 23.46 | 3.81–144.1 | 0.001 |
| Pain intensity | | | | | Immediately after PCI | VRS | 3.30 | 1.65–6.60 | 0.001 | After 2 h | VRS | 2.56 | 1.15–5.73 | 0.022 | After 12 h | VRS | 3.02 | 1.70–5.39 | <0.001 | After 24 h | VRS | 3.58 | 1.90–6.74 | <0.001 | After 48 h | VRS | 2.89 | 1.72–4.87 | <0.001 |
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BMI—body mass index; IHD— ischemic heart disease; PCI— percutaneous cardiac intervention; and VRS— Verbal Rating Scale (0—no pain, 1—mild, 2—moderate, 3—strong, 4—very strong, and 5—worst possible pain).
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