Clinical Study

[Retracted] Effects of Scrambler Therapy in Patients with Failed Back Surgery Syndromes and Factors Associated with Depression Affecting Pain before and after the Therapy

Table 2

Changes in the total ODI and BPI scores.

Initial1 week after the therapy value

ODI25.69 ± 7.9821.80 ± 9.410.000
BPI68.96 ± 18.0061.62 ± 20.270.000
Residual pain10076.15 ± 4.210.000

Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; BPI, Brief Pain Inventory. , comparing initial scores with scores a week after therapy via the Wilcoxon signed rank test.