Association between Postoperative Opioid Requirements and the Duration of Smoking Cessation in Male Smokers after Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy with Gastroduodenostomy

Table 1

Patients’ characteristics.

Group	Nonsmokers	Smokers		P value
	G0 (N = 34)	G1 (N = 42)	G2 (N = 68)
Duration of smoking cessation (months)		0.2 (0.2–1.0)	108.0 (24.0–180.0)	<0.001
Age (years)	59.9 ± 10.8	52.7 ± 9.9	60.1 ± 11.5	0.444
BMI (kg/m^2)	24.2 ± 2.3	24.0 ± 2.6	23.9 ± 2.4	0.537
Pack-year	0	27.6 ± 14.5	22.6 ± 14.5	0.084
Duration of anesthesia (min)	139.9 ± 14.5	143.6 ± 24.6	145.0 ± 19.1	0.237
Intraoperative remifentanil consumption (mg)	2.8 ± 0.6	3.1 ± 0.8	2.8 ± 0.8	0.938

Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range). Pack-year was calculated by multiplying the number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day with the number of years the person has smoked. BMI: body mass index; G0: nonsmokers; G1: smokers with ≤1 month of cessation preoperatively; G2: smokers with >1 month of cessation preoperatively.