Association between Postoperative Opioid Requirements and the Duration of Smoking Cessation in Male Smokers after Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy with Gastroduodenostomy

Table 2

Linear regression analysis of factors associated with the increased postoperative opioid requirement.

Parameters	Univariate			Multivariate
	β	95% CI	value	β	95% CI	value
Age (years)	−0.62	−0.90 to −0.34	<0.001	−0.46	−0.74 to −0.17	0.001
Groups classified by the duration of smoking cessation
G0 (nonsmoker; reference)	0			0
G1 (≤1 month)	16.22	9.31–23.13	<0.001	12.80	5.81–19.80	<0.001
G2 (>1 month)	−6.23	−12.92–0.46	0.068
BMI (kg/m^2)	0.54	−0.87–1.95	0.449
Anesthesia duration (min)	−0.14	−0.31–0.03	0.106
Intraoperative remifentanil consumption (mg)	3.62	−0.69–7.92	0.099

β indicates regression coefficient; CI: confidence interval; BMI: body mass index; G0: nonsmokers, G1: smokers with ≤1 month smoking cessation preoperatively; G2: smokers with >1 month smoking cessation preoperatively.