Association between Postoperative Opioid Requirements and the Duration of Smoking Cessation in Male Smokers after Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy with Gastroduodenostomy

Table 3

Opioid side effects up to postoperative day 2.

Group	Nonsmokers	Smokers		value
	G0 (N = 34)	G1 (N = 42)	G2 (N = 68)
Nausea/vomiting	3 (8.8%)	1 (2.4%)	5 (7.4%)	0.450
Dizziness/somnolence	2 (5.9%)	2 (4.8%)	5 (7.4%)	0.857
Urinary retention	2 (5.9%)	0 (0.0%)	3 (4.4%)	0.320

Data are represented as the number of cases (percentage). G0: nonsmokers; G1: smokers with ≤1 month smoking cessation preoperatively; G2: smokers with >1 month smoking cessation preoperatively.