Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA): Intravenous Administration (IV-PCA) versus Oral Administration (Oral-PCA) by Using a Novel Device (PCoA® Acute) for Hospitalized Patients with Acute Postoperative Pain—A Comparative Retrospective Study

Table 2

Cross-cohort comparison of patients’ continuous variables by T-test for independent samples.

	Control-IV-PCA					Test-Oral-PCA					value (T-test)
	N	Mean	Std	Min	Max	N	Mean	Std	Min	Max
Age (years)	61	59.89	16.14	21.00	91.00	44	55.14	11.2	23.00	87.00	0.078
BMI (kg/m^2)	61	25.72	4.20	16.70	34.30	44	26.79	5.51	18.80	44.80	0.260
PCA intervention (days)	61	2.30	0.59	1.00	4.00	44	2.36	0.87	1.00	4.00	0.650
Hospitalization duration (days)	61	7.54	4.54	3.00	22.00	44	5.59	2.35	2.00	15.00	0.01
Initial NRS at rest	61	3.26	1.94	0.00	8.00	44	3.77	2.44	0.00	10.00	0.235
Initial NRS in movement	61	5.74	2.00	1.00	10.00	44	5.66	2.18	0.00	10.00	0.848
End NRS at rest	61	1.66	1.44	0.00	7.00	44	1.50	1.50	0.00	7.00	0.59
End NRS in movement	61	3.69	2.08	0.00	10.00	44	2.82	1.79	0.00	6.00	0.027
NRS score reduction in rest	61	−1.61	1.78	−8.00	3.00	44	−2.27	2.03	−8.00	1.00	0.077
NRS score reduction in movement	61	−2.05	1.88	−6.00	4.00	44	−2.84	1.96	−8.00	1.00	0.039