Pain Research and Management

Research Article

Pharmacokinetic Characterisation and Comparison of Bioavailability of Intranasal Fentanyl, Transmucosal, and Intravenous Administration through a Three-Way Crossover Study in 24 Healthy Volunteers

Table 2

Pharmacokinetic parameters for single administration of INTRANASAL.


INTRANASAL (intranasal fentanyl, 140 μL per puff, 47 μg)—one puff
	AUC_0-tlast	AUC_0-∞	AUC_expol%	C_max	C_last	t_max	t_1/2	t_last	λ_z	MRT

N	24	23	23	24	24	24	23	24	23	23
Unit	h pg/ml	h pg/ml	%	pg/ml	pg/ml	h	h	h	1/h	h
Arith. Mean						0.21	12.18	10.71	0.13898	2.92
SD						0.078	9.513	2.647	0.20596	0.789
Min	296	323	3.69	111	10	0.10	0.71	4.00	0.02004	1.19
Median	571	748	23.33	370	15	0.20	8.05	12.00	0.08608	3.14
Max	846	1726	63.84	595	24	0.50	34.59	12.02	0.97349	4.02
Geom. Mean	515	766	25.09	338	16
CV% <Geom. Mean	30.10	47.25	80.05	45.61	27.16

AUC_0-tlast: area under the plasma concentration versus time curve from dosing time to the last measurement time point with concentration value above the lower limit of quantitation; AUC_0-∞: area under the plasma concentration versus time curve from dosing time to the infinite; AUC_expol%: fraction of the total AUC due to extrapolated AUC; C_max: maximum concentration in plasma; C_last: concentration at the last time quantifiable point; t_max: time to reach maximum drug concentration; t_1/2: terminal half-life; t_last: last quantifiable time point; λ_z: apparent terminal elimination rate constant; MRT: mean residence time; SD: standard deviation; CV%: coefficient of variation.