Pain Research and Management

Research Article

Pharmacokinetic Characterisation and Comparison of Bioavailability of Intranasal Fentanyl, Transmucosal, and Intravenous Administration through a Three-Way Crossover Study in 24 Healthy Volunteers

Table 3

Pharmacokinetic parameters for single administration of INTRAVENOUS.


INTRAVENOUS (intravenous infusion, 10 mL, 50 μg)—one short infusion (administration over 2 minutes)
	AUC_0-tlast	AUC_0-∞	AUC_expol%	C_max	C_last	t_max	t_1/2	t_last	λ_z	MRT

n	24	21	21	24	24	24	21	24	21	21
Unit	h pg/ml	h pg/ml	%	pg/ml	pg/ml	h	h	h	1/h	h
Arith. Mean						0.06	23.09	11.01	0.13205	27.13
SD						0.056	39.350	2.342	0.17853	51.293
Min	291	317	2.44	303	11	0.03	0.93	5.00	0.00430	1.14
Median	697	973	21.86	938	16	0.03	7.94	12.00	0.08726	7.46
Max	1230	7162	84.52	2035	39	0.25	161.03	12.05	0.74557	206.88
Geom. Mean	672	1111	22.72	886	18
CV% geom. Mean	32.18	78.41	109.82	59.38	41.12

AUC_0-tlast: area under the plasma concentration versus time curve from dosing time to the last measurement time point with concentration value above the lower limit of quantitation; AUC_0-∞: area under the plasma concentration versus time curve from dosing time to the infinite; AUC_expol%: fraction of the total AUC due to extrapolated AUC; C_max: maximum concentration in plasma; C_last: concentration at the last time quantifiable point; t_max: time to reach maximum drug concentration; t_1/2: terminal half-life; t_last: last quantifiable time point; λ_z: apparent terminal elimination rate constant; MRT: mean residence time; SD: standard deviation; CV%: coefficient of variation.