Hyoid Bone Position in Patients with and without Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthrosis: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and Cephalometric Analysis

Table 4

Differences in hyoid and craniofacial measurements among the three groups after adjusting age and sex^a.

	Normal (N = 89)	Indeterminate (N = 182)	OA (N = 156)	-value
Hyoid measurements				<0.001
Hy-RGn (mm)	34.86 (33.74, 35.99)	33.80 (33.01, 34.59)	32.66 (31.82, 33.51)	0.002
C3-RGN (mm)	65.10 (63.60, 66.59)	63.56 (62.51, 64.61)	62.76 (61.64, 63.88)	0.016
Craniofacial measurements				0.016
ANB (°)	2.88 (2.21, 3.55)	3.24 (2.77, 3.72)	3.85 (3.35, 4.36)	0.017
FMA (°)	22.86 (21.59, 24.13)	23.38 (22.49, 24.27)	25.83 (24.87, 26.78)	<0.001
Saddle angle (°)	123.94 (122.99, 124.90)	122.76 (122.09, 123.43)	121.94 (121.23, 122.66)	0.001
Articular angle (°)	150.71 (149.35, 152.06)	152.01 (151.06, 152.96)	153.79 (152.77, 154.81)	<0.001
Gonial angle (°)	117.07 (115.55, 118.58)	117.27 (116.20, 118.33)	119.07 (117.93, 120.20)	0.021
Ramus height (mm)	45.90 (44.88, 46.93)	46.49 (45.77, 47.21)	44.53 (43.76, 45.30)	0.009
Posterior facial height (mm)	77.23 (75.88, 78.59)	78.13 (77.18, 79.08)	75.70 (74.68, 76.72)	0.023
Overbite	2.88 (2.44, 3.32)	2.74 (2.43, 3.05)	2.36 (2.03, 2.70)	0.049

^aData in the table: adjust mean (95% confidence interval); only measurements with statistical differences are illustrated.