Hyoid Bone Position in Patients with and without Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthrosis: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and Cephalometric Analysis

Table 5

Differences in hyoid and craniofacial measurements among the three groups in female subjects.

	Normal (N = 53)	Indeterminate (N = 139)	OA (N = 111)	-value
Age	22.69 ± 7.25	25.78 ± 7.32	21.85 ± 8.41	<0.001
Hyoid measurements
Hy-Ba (mm)	71.17 ± 7.10	71.28 ± 6.00	70.10 ± 5.80	0.293
Hy to SN (mm)	99.05 ± 7.61	98.81 ± 6.27	97.84 ± 6.62	0.420
Hy to FH (mm)	81.13 ± 6.35	80.67 ± 5.74	80.01 ± 5.96	0.481
Hy to PP (mm)	57.14 ± 5.66	56.58 ± 5.18	55.93 ± 5.06	0.355
Hy to MP (mm)	13.24 ± 4.78	11.14 ± 5.14	12.51 ± 4.61	0.012
Hy-RGn (mm)	34.28 ± 4.76	33.17 ± 4.78	32.49 ± 5.33	0.098
Hy-C3 (mm)	32.28 ± 3.78	31.39 ± 3.19	31.27 ± 3.26	0.170
Hy to C3-RGn (mm)	3.65 ± 7.54	-0.09 ± 7.34	0.23 ± 6.57	0.004
C3-RGN (mm)	64.41 ± 7.11	62.84 ± 5.92	62.34 ± 6.96	0.162
Go-Hy-Me	136.37 ± 15.29	143.20 ± 16.19	137.91 ± 15.02	0.005
Hy-S (mm)	99.34 ± 7.56	99.13 ± 6.30	98.14 ± 6.62	0.407
Hy-C3-S (°)	89.78 ± 11.72	90.83 ± 11.40	89.64 ± 10.39	0.671
C3-Hy-S (°)	92.45 ± 8.50	91.87 ± 6.17	91.92 ± 6.95	0.866
Craniofacial measurements
SNA (°)	81.67 ± 2.90	81.97 ± 3.68	81.91 ± 3.36	0.868
SNB (°)	79.06 ± 3.35	78.84 ± 3.77	78.09 ± 4.14	0.200
ANB (°)	2.61 ± 2.45	3.13 ± 3.05	3.81 ± 3.55	0.055
Wits (mm)	-0.03 ± 3.97	-0.00 ± 4.35	0.21 ± 5.03	0.922
FMA (°)	22.50 ± 5.37	23.85 ± 6.11	26.36 ± 6.15	<0.001
FH-OP (°)	6.16 ± 4.97	6.73 ± 4.34	7.88 ± 4.37	0.039
Saddle angle (°)	123.71 ± 3.82	123.14 ± 4.74	122.48 ± 4.26	0.217
Articular angle (°)	151.06 ± 5.89	152.55 ± 6.81	153.25 ± 6.87	0.148
Gonial angle (°)	116.53 ± 6.12	117.22 ± 7.42	119.95 ± 7.74	0.004
Interincisal angle (°)	124.32 ± 13.97	124.42 ± 14.08	123.25 ± 14.33	0.793
Ramus height (mm)	45.13 ± 4.93	45.85 ± 4.61	42.87 ± 4.65	<0.001
Mandibular body length (mm)	69.29 ± 5.39	69.46 ± 4.61	68.09 ± 5.46	0.089
Anterior cranial base length (mm)	62.75 ± 3.56	62.64 ± 3.04	62.27 ± 3.05	0.553
Posterior cranial base length (mm)	33.26 ± 3.35	33.10 ± 2.55	32.08 ± 3.07	0.009
Anterior facial height (mm)	111.30 ± 6.91	113.95 ± 6.92	112.64 ± 6.68	0.045
Posterior facial height (mm)	75.87 ± 6.72	76.63 ± 5.54	72.84 ± 5.68	<0.001
Overjet (mm)	4.06 ± 2.59	3.86 ± 2.60	4.01 ± 2.98	0.870
Overbite (mm)	2.82 ± 1.50	2.55 ± 1.84	2.29 ± 2.24	0.248