Hyoid Bone Position in Patients with and without Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthrosis: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and Cephalometric Analysis

Table 8

Differences in hyoid and craniofacial measurements among the three groups in adults.

	Normal (N = 54)	Indeterminate (N = 143)	OA (N = 97)	-value
Age (years)	24.87 ± 4.88	27.23 ± 5.94	25.44 ± 6.79	0.017
Sex
Female	39 (72.22%)	119 (83.22%)	71 (73.20%)	0.100
Male	15 (27.78%)	24 (16.78%)	26 (26.80%)
Hyoid measurements
Hy-Ba (mm)	74.56 ± 7.70	72.47 ± 6.99	74.23 ± 8.08	0.099
Hy to SN (mm)	103.45 ± 9.41	100.32 ± 7.99	103.04 ± 9.86	0.023
Hy to FH (mm)	84.77 ± 8.22	81.97 ± 7.14	84.37 ± 8.42	0.020
Hy to PP (mm)	59.95 ± 7.23	57.59 ± 6.22	59.57 ± 7.05	0.025
Hy to MP (mm)	13.81 ± 5.52	11.28 ± 5.48	13.13 ± 4.85	0.003
Hy-RGn (mm)	35.49 ± 4.95	33.74 ± 5.45	32.51 ± 5.20	0.004
Hy-C3 (mm)	33.61 ± 3.83	32.17 ± 3.42	33.18 ± 3.61	0.016
Hy to C3-RGn (mm)	4.40 ± 8.32	0.92 ± 7.90	2.02 ± 7.91	0.025
C3-RGN (mm)	66.54 ± 6.77	63.98 ± 6.61	63.61 ± 6.73	0.026
Go-Hy-Me	136.55 ± 15.82	143.10 ± 16.83	137.06 ± 15.18	0.005
Hy-S (mm)	103.75 ± 9.44	100.64 ± 8.00	103.34 ± 9.83	0.024
Hy-C3-S (°)	91.61 ± 10.62	90.40 ± 11.48	90.73 ± 11.22	0.796
C3-Hy-S (°)	95.74 ± 9.38	93.37 ± 6.95	95.77 ± 8.84	0.042
Craniofacial measurements				0.048
SNA (°)	82.23 ± 2.99	82.21 ± 3.51	82.15 ± 3.24	0.986
SNB (°)	79.82 ± 3.59	78.96 ± 3.71	78.43 ± 4.32	0.113
ANB (°)	2.41 ± 2.51	3.24 ± 3.15	3.71 ± 3.69	0.062
Wits (mm)	0.12 ± 4.06	0.07 ± 4.51	0.36 ± 5.70	0.902
FMA (°)	21.55 ± 5.07	23.18 ± 5.96	26.01 ± 6.87	<0.001
FH-OP (°)	5.18 ± 4.41	6.77 ± 4.24	7.52 ± 4.72	0.009
Saddle angle (°)	123.25 ± 3.48	123.09 ± 4.79	121.93 ± 4.15	0.084
Articular angle (°)	151.12 ± 5.11	152.70 ± 6.79	154.31 ± 7.00	0.015
Gonial angle (°)	115.57 ± 6.51	116.38 ± 6.97	118.80 ± 7.79	0.010
Interincisal angle (°)	125.53 ± 13.42	123.80 ± 13.57	121.95 ± 12.80	0.267
Ramus height (mm)	47.87 ± 5.26	46.97 ± 4.73	45.19 ± 6.13	0.006
Mandibular body length (mm)	71.49 ± 5.43	70.19 ± 5.00	69.97 ± 5.30	0.199
Anterior cranial base length (mm)	63.95 ± 3.68	63.39 ± 3.29	63.32 ± 3.36	0.512
Posterior cranial base length (mm)	34.59 ± 3.97	33.64 ± 3.03	33.37 ± 4.03	0.121
Anterior facial height (mm)	114.69 ± 7.69	115.11 ± 7.41	116.50 ± 8.20	0.273
Posterior facial height (mm)	79.86 ± 7.99	78.26 ± 6.26	76.50 ± 7.92	0.019
Overjet (mm)	3.36 ± 2.94	3.90 ± 2.73	3.91 ± 3.14	0.464
Overbite (mm)	2.79 ± 1.58	2.64 ± 1.88	2.18 ± 2.55	0.138