Comparison of the Effects of Hugo’s Point Massage and Play on IV-Line Placement Pain in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Table 1

Demographic characteristics of the three groups.

Characteristics	Control		Hugo		Play		value
	No.	Mean ± SD	No.	Mean ± SD	No.	Mean ± SD	0.446
Age (months)	24	50.96 ± 11.8	24	50.17 ± 9.75	24	47.42 ± 9.29
Birth weight (kg)	24	15.56 ± 2.82	24	13.79 ± 2.47	24	13.76 ± 2.34	0.067
IV-line placement duration time (minutes)		3.2167 ± 00.67		3.37 ± 00.48		3.46 ± 00.60	0.600
	No.	Percent	No.	Percent	No.	Percent
Sex
Male	12	50.0	12	50.0	12	50.0	1.000
Female	12	50.0	12	50.0	12	50.0
Birthplace
Rural	11	45.8	12	50.0	11	45.8	0.946
Urban	13	54.2	12	50.0	13	54.2
Venous access location
Right hand	12	50.0	11	45.8	13	54.2	0.947
Left hand	9	37.5	10	41.7	8	33.3
Right leg	2	8.3	3	12.5	2	8.3
Left leg		4.2	24	100.0	1	4.2
Angiocatheter size
22	12	50.0	11	45.8	13	54.2	0.846
24	12	50.0	13	54.2	11	45.8
Taking painkillers
Yes	5	20.8	4	16.7	4	16.7	0.910
No	19	79.2	20	83.3	20	83.3
Number of hospitalizations
First time	7	29.2	8	33.3	11	45.8	0.568
Second time	14	58.3	12	50.0	10	41.7
Third time	2	8.3	4	16.7	3	12.5
Three times and more	1	4.2	—	—	—	—

Homogeneity of groups was determined using chi-square tests.