Central Sensitization in Neurological, Psychiatric, and Pain Disorders: A Multicenter Case-Controlled Study

<div>Relationship between clinical parameters and CSI-A score groups in the patients. Error bar indicates the 95% confidence interval. CSI: Central Sensitization Inventory; PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire. using ANCOVA followed by post hoc comparison with the Bonferroni test. (a) and (b) were adjusted for sex, age, BMI, smoking, alcohol, caffeine and CSS-related diseases on CSI-B. (c) was adjusted for sex, age, BMI, smoking, alcohol, caffeine, CSS-related diseases on CSI-B, and BPI pain interference and severity score. (d) was adjusted for sex, age, BMI, smoking, alcohol, caffeine, PHQ-9 score, and BPI pain severity and interference score. (a) (<i>n</i> = 459), (b) (<i>n</i> = 474), (c) (<i>n</i> = 452), and (d) (<i>n</i> = 452).</div>

Pain Research and Management

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Figure 1

Figure 1: Central Sensitization in Neurological, Psychiatric, and Pain Disorders: A Multicenter Case-Controlled Study 