Central Sensitization in Neurological, Psychiatric, and Pain Disorders: A Multicenter Case-Controlled Study

Table 2

Central Sensitization Inventory of the propensity score-matched patient and control groups.

	Patient group (n = 526)		Control group (n = 523)		value^a	Effect size^c
	(n) mean	(%) SD	(n) mean	(%) SD
Sex, female, n (%)	338	64.3	343	65.5	0.653	—
Age, mean, SD (yr.)	57.2	17.7	58.7	14.3	0.132	—
Smoking, yes, n (%)	97	18.4	108	20.7	0.367	—
Alcohol intake, yes, n (%)	221	42.0	206	39.4	0.387	—
Caffeine intake, yes, n (%)	488	92.3	493	94.3	0.328	—
CSI-A score, mean, SD, points	28.1	15.7	17.2	12.3	<0.001^b	0.37
≥40 points, n (%)	105	20.0	29.0	5.5	<0.001	0.22
CSI-B, mean, SD, number of 10 diseases	1.01	1.15	0.01	0.123	<0.001^b	0.64

The propensity score was calculated by age, sex, smoking, alcohol, and caffeine intake. CSI: Central Sensitization Inventory. ^aUsing a chi-square test or Student’s t-test; ^busing a Mann–Whitney test; ^ceffect size was calculated by r (≥0.1: small, ≥0.3: medium, and ≥0.5: large) for a Mann–Whitney U test or φ (≥0.1: small, ≥0.3: medium, and ≥0.5: large) for a chi-square test.