Vitamin D Deficiency and Molecular Changes in Circulating MicroRNAs in Older Adults with Lower Back Pain
Table 3
Stepwise multiple regression analysis for LBP predicted by adiposity, muscle function, PA score, malnutrition scores, markers of bone metabolism, inflammatory markers, vitamin D status, and miRNAs profile as the significant correlates in subjects with LBP (n = 110).
Variables
LBP disability scores (OSW scores; N = 110)
Normal (n = 40; 36.4%)
Moderate-LBP (n = 35; 31.8%)
Severe-LBP (n = 35; 31.8%)
R2 (β)∗
95% CI
R2 (β)∗∗
95% CI
R2 (β)∗
95% CI
Adiposity (BMI)
3.2 (0.51)
89 (75–96)
3.9 (0.49)
79 (69–95)
4.1 (0.47)
95 (89–100)
Vitamin D deficiency
6.5 (0.86)
95 (88–100)
7.1 (0.75)
96 (90–100)
7.6 (0.81)
97 (90–100)
Ca intake
3.1 (0.45)
90 (88–100)
2.8 (0.48)
96 (89–100)
1.6 (0.41)
91 (88–100)
Vitamin D intake
5.1 (0.36)
89 (86–100)
4.7 (0.75)
93 (89–100)
3.1 (0.67)
96 (89–100)
Muscle function
MAC
2.3 (0.18)
88 (86–98)
1.8 (0.15)
78 (66–98)
1.4 (0.35)
87 (75–100)
MAMC
1.8 (0.14)
78 (69–100)
1.5 (0.18)
92 (69–100)
1.3 (0.32)
89 (85–100)
TSF
1.9 (0.19)
91 (89–100)
1.6 (0.25)
95 (89–100)
1.2 (0.36)
96 (89–100)
SGA
1.6 (0.21)
89 (87–100)
1.3 (0.29)
94 (87–100)
1.0 (0.31)
93 (87–100)
PA (min/wk)
4.2 (0.38)
88 (75–100)
3.5 (0.45)
89 (75–100)
2.9 (0.65)
91 (75–100)
miRNAs profile
miR-146a
2.7 (0.85)
89 (86–100)
4.6 (0.75)
88 (86–100)
8.5 (0.65)
92 (86–100)
miR-558
3.3 (0.75)
87 (79–96)
3.9 (0.65)
89 (79–96)
5.2 (0.74)
95 (79–96)
miR-155
2.2 (0.59)
91 (88–100)
3.8 (0.49)
95 (88–100)
6.6 (0.56)
97 (88–100)
miR-124a
3.8 (0.46)
95 (90–100)
4.3 (0.42)
94 (90–100)
7.1 (0.48)
96 (90–100)
Inflammation profile
TNF-α (pg/ml)
1.6 (0.26)
85 (79–96)
3.4 (0.28)
88 (79–96)
10.5 (0.36)
91 (79–96)
IL-6 (pg/ml)
2.8 (0.31)
90 (88–100)
3.9 (0.36)
95 (88–100)
7.3 (0.45)
96 (88–100)
CRP (mg/L)
1.8 (0.16)
88 (90–100)
3.2 (0.21)
91 (88–100)
6.9 (0.28)
94 (88–100)
Bone metabolism
s-Ca (mmol/L)
3.6 (0.48)
95 (79–96)
2.9 (0.42)
89 (79–96)
2.5 (0.58)
95 (86–100)
s-BAP (U/L)
2.8 (0.35)
88 (79–96)
1.8 (0.32)
92 (79–96)
1.5 (0.38)
94 (79–100)
s-OC (ng/mL)
3.8 (0.24)
92 (88–100)
2.6 (0.29)
95 (88–100)
2.2 (0.32)
94 (88–100)
S-NTX (pg/mL)
5.8 (0.36)
86 (79–100)
4.3 (0.43)
89 (79–100)
3.9 (0.46)
91 (79–100)
ΣR2 (%)
63.9 (0.52)
98 (89–100)
66.9 (0.49)
96 (89–100)
86.4 (0.46)
95 (89–100)
Note.;. ΣR2 = summation of cumulative values of R relating to studied variables. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; MAC: mid-arm circumference in cm; TSF: triceps skinfold thickness in mm; MAMC: mid-arm muscle circumference in mm; SGA: the Subjective Global Assessment; PA: physical activity; miRNAs (small noncoding RNA molecules); OC: osteocalcin; s-BAP: serum bone alkaline phosphatase; s-Ca: serum calcium; S-NTX: serum C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha; IL-6: interleukin-6; CRP: C-reactive protein.
