Accuracy of Robot-Assisted Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Placement under Regional Anesthesia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Figure 2

The Hover-T frame platform was fixed on the patient’s spine (a); an anteroposterior image and an image 60°oblique to the plane were captured by the C-arm for registration with the preoperative CT (b); the guiding robot moved on the platform according to the preoperative plan (c); local infiltration anesthesia around the facet joints before drilling (d).