Research Article
Accuracy of Robot-Assisted Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Placement under Regional Anesthesia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Table 1
The protocol of robot-assisted percutaneous endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion under regional anesthesia.
| Key steps of this surgery |
| (1) Preoperative planning | (2) Patient preparation and education | (3) Monitoring and sedation | (4) Epidural anesthesia | (5) Working platform installed and robot registration | (6) Adequate local anesthesia | (7) Drilling under the guidance of the robot | (8) Pedicle screw inserted | (9) Screw evaluation with fluoroscopy | (10) Decompression and interbody fusion | (11) Postanesthetic care unit observation (1 hour) | (12) Postoperative MRI and CT (1 day after surgery) | (13) Walking with waist support (1 day after surgery) |
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