Accuracy of Robot-Assisted Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Placement under Regional Anesthesia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Table 2

Baseline characteristics.

Characteristics	Group EP-RO	Group GE-FLU	Overall	value
No. of patients	18	23	41
Female sex (%)	55.6	52.2	53.7	0.83
Age (years)^✟	61.6 ± 7.1	62.4 ± 6.1	62.1 ± 6.5	0.71
Mean BMI (kg/m^2)^✟	26.0 ± 3.6	25.5 ± 2.9	25.7 ± 3.2	0.58
Superior facet joint angle^✟	44.1 ± 3.6	43.8 ± 2.1	44.0 ± 3.2	0.56
Diagnoses				0.88
LDH	4	5	9
LSS	9	10	19
Lumbar spondylolisthesis	5	8	13
Location of screws				0.98
L3	3	4	7
L4	14	19	33
L5	16	20	36
S1	4	4	8

Values are the number or the number (%) of patients. ^✟Values are presented as mean ± SD. BMI indicates body mass index.