Pain Research and Management

Research Article

Enhanced Recovery after an Innovative Percutaneous Endoscopic Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion for the Treatment of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Prospective Observational Study

Table 3

Characteristics of included studies.


First author	Study no.	Year	Study design	No. of patients	Intraoperative never monitoring	Anesthesia method	Indication	Follow-up (months)

Osman	1	2012	RS	60	Yes	General anesthesia	DDD (8.3%), LSS (81.7%), and SL (10%)	12(6–25)
Jacquot	2	2013	RS	57	No	Local anesthesia	DDD (100%)	24
He	3	2015	RS	42	Yes	General anesthesia	LSS (81.0%), DSL (14.3%), and LDH (4.8%)	27.6 ± 3.8(24–36)
Morgenstern	4	2015	RS	30	Yes	General or local anesthesia	DDD (30%), SL (40%), FA (20%), IAD (6.67%), and CD (3.33%)	38 ± 17(11–67)
Wang	5	2016	RS	10	Yes	Local anesthesia	DDD (100%) and SL (60%)	12
Lee	6	2017	RS	18	No	Local anesthesia	DDD (88.9%) and SL (11.1%)	46(12–123)
Heo	7	2017	RS	69	No	General or epidural anesthesia	SL (87.0%) and LSS (13%)	13.5 ± 7.1
Zhang	8	2017	RS	17	No	General anesthesia	LSS (100%)	12
Myung	9	2018	RS	None	No	Local anesthesia	None	None
Kim	10	2018	RS	14	No	General anesthesia	LSS (57.1%) and SL (42.9%)	2
Wu	11	2018	RS	7	Yes	General anesthesia	SL (100%)	35.1 ± 3.0(31.5–38.1)
Yang	12	2019	RS	7	Yes	Epidural or local or general anesthesia	LSS (100%)	15 (12–21)
John	13	2019	RS	100	No	Local anesthesia	DDD with SL (100%)	36
Park	14	2019	RS	71	No	General anesthesia	LSS (9.9%), SL (87.3), and HNP (2.8)	12
Wu	15	2020	RS	44	No	Local anesthesia	LDH (50%) and LSS (50%)	13.2 ± 3.2
Wu	16	2020	RS	91	No	Local anesthesia	LDH or LSS with SL (100%)	20.0 ± 4.1
Jin	17	2020	RS	39	No	Epidural or local anesthesia	DLD (100%)	23.6 ± 4.9 (17–28)
Morgenstern	18	2020	RS	51	No	Epidural or local or general anesthesia	DDD (84%) and SL (31%)	27.9 ± 27
Harakuni	19	2020	RS	12	No	General anesthesia	DDD (100%)	6.2(2–10)
Zhang	20	2020	RS	1	Yes	General anesthesia	LSS (100%)	12

RS: retrospective case series; DDD: degenerative disc disease; DLD: degenerative lumbar disease; LSS: lumbar spinal stenosis; SL: spondylolisthesis; PO: previous operation; DSL: degenerative spondylolisthesis; FA: failed arthrodesis; IAD: instability after decompression; CD: chondroma.