Opening Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy with Combined Use of Patient-Specific 3D-Printed Plates and Taylor Spatial Frame for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis

Table 2

Clinical evaluation before and after surgery (, n = 25).

Time point	VAS	HSS	RO (°)	FTA(°)	HKA (°)
Preoperative	6.01 ± 1.07	51.27 ± 11.35	80.55 ± 10.27	176.45 ± 1.19	165.42 ± 3.76
6 months	2.44 ± 0.98	79.31 ± 12.06	102.38 ± 16.51	170.33 ± 3.08	185.57 ± 4.35
value	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

VAS, pain visual simulation score; HSS, knee joint scoring system; ROM, mobility of knee joint; FTA, femorotibial angle; HKA, hip-knee-ankle.