The Relationship between Higher Chronic Opioid Therapy Dose and Specific Personality Traits in Individuals with Chronic Pain

Figure 1

Mean and standard deviation for outcome measure scores among the three MEQ groups (0, 1–89, 90+) for (a) personality traits (AAQ, ASI), (b) mood (PHQ-9, GAD-7), (c) substance misuse (CAGE-AID), and (d) quality of life (EQ5D).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)