The Relationship between Higher Chronic Opioid Therapy Dose and Specific Personality Traits in Individuals with Chronic Pain

Table 1

Sociodemographic information and descriptive statistics for the total sample and three morphine equivalent groups.

Variable	Total	MEQ 0 mg	MEQ 1–89 mg	MEQ 90+ mg
	N = 215	N = 58	N = 86	N = 71
Mean age ±SD (range) years	52.7 ± 11.7	52.1 ± 14.7	52.7 ± 11.4	53.2 ± 9.3	0.868
Gender					0.001
Males	77 (35.8%)	12 (20.7%)	28 (32.6%)	37 (52.1%)
Females	138 (64.2%)	46 (79.3%)	58 (67.4%)	34 (47.9%)
Employment					0.001
Full-time	35 (16.3%)	13 (22.4%)	18 (20.9%)	4 (5.6%)
Part-time	12 (5.6%)	6 (10.3%)	6 (7.0%)	0 (0.0%)
Casual	9 (4.2%)	4 (6.9%)	3 (3.5%)	2 (2.8%)
Temporary	1 (0.5%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (1.4%)
Unemployed/retired	137 (63.7%)	35 (60.3%)	46 (53.5%)	56 (78.9%)
Unknown	21 (9.8%)	0 (0.0%)	13 (15.1%)	8 (11.3%)
Education					0.424
Did not graduate from high school	32 (14.9%)	8 (13.8%)	10 (11.6%)	14 (19.7%)
Highschool graduate	45 (20.9%)	14 (24.1%)	13 (15.1%)	18 (25.4%)
Some postsecondary education	67 (31.2%)	17 (29.3%)	31 (36.0%)	19 (26.8%)
Bachelor’s degree	42 (19.5%)	15 (25.9%)	17 (19.8%)	10 (14.1%)
Graduate school	9 (4.2%)	4 (6.9%)	3 (3.5%)	2 (2.8%)
Unknown	20 (9.3%)	0 (0.0%)	12 (14.0%)	8 (11.3%)
Living arrangement					0.558
House	133 (61.9%)	43 (74.1%)	49 (57.0%)	41 (57.7%)
Apartment/condominium	60 (27.9%)	15 (25.9%)	25 (29.1%)	20 (28.2%)
Retirement/assisted living	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)
Homeless	1 (0.5%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (1.4%)
Unknown	21 (9.8%)	0 (0.0%)	12 (14.0%)	9 (12.7%)
Race					0.276
Caucasian	171 (79.5%)	50 (86.2%)	68 (79.1%)	53 (74.6%)
Other	44 (20.5%)	8 (13.8%)	18 (20.9%)	18 (25.4%)

MEQ = morphine equivalent.