Perioperative Low-Dose Ketamine for Postoperative Pain Management in Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

<div>Forest plot of the incidence of adverse events for the ketamine group and control group. (a) CNS adverse events; (b) PONV.</div>

Pain Research and Management

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Figure 7

Figure 7: Perioperative Low-Dose Ketamine for Postoperative Pain Management in Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials 

Figure 7 | Perioperative Low-Dose Ketamine for Postoperative Pain Management in Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials 