Use of Intravenous Paracetamol Preoperatively Favors Lower Risk of Delirium and Functional Recovery in Elderly Patients with Hip Fracture: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis
Table 1
Patient characteristics at baseline comparisons before and after propensity score matching.
Variables
Prematching
Postmatching
Non-IVP group (n = 1576)
IVP group (n = 590)
value
Non-IVP group (n = 531)
IVP group (n = 531)
value
Demographics
Gender, n (%)
0.043
0.565
Male
494 (31.3%)
212 (35.9%)
187 (35.2%)
196 (36.9z5)
Female
1082 (68.7%)
378 (64.1%)
344 (64.8%)
335 (63.1%)
Age, years
79.0 ± 7.2
79.2 ± 7.3
0.510
79.0 ± 7.4
79.3 ± 7.2
0.518
Age group, n (%)
0.142
0.174
65–69
172 (10.9%)
60 (10.2%)
60 (11.3%)
51 (9.6%)
70–79
639 (40.5%)
230 (39.0%)
218 (41.1%)
211 (39.7%)
80–89
655 (41.6%)
251 (42.5%)
215 (40.5%)
225 (42.4%)
90–99
103 (6.5%)
49 (8.3%)
34 (6.4%)
44 (8.3%)
≥100
7 (0.4%)
0 (0.0%)
4 (0.8%)
0 (0.0%)
BMI (kg/m2), n (%)
0.937
0.939
Normal (BMI < 24)
1023 (64.9%)
384 (65.1%)
345 (65.0%)
347 (65.3%)
Overweight (24 ≤ BMI < 28)
431 (27.3%)
163 (27.6%)
146 (27.5%)
147 (27.7%)
Obesity (BMI ≥ 28)
122 (7.7%)
43 (7.3%)
40 (7.5%)
37 (7.0%)
Residence
<0.001
0.413
Rural
670 (42.5%)
189 (32.0%)
199 (37.5%)
212 (39.9%)
Urban
906 (57.5%)
401 (68.0%)
332 (62.5%)
319 (60.1%)
Smoking history (Yes)
186 (11.8%)
90 (15.3%)
0.032
87 (16.4%)
78 (14.7%)
0.446
Drinking history (Yes)
373 (23.7%)
157 (26.6%)
0.156
130 (24.5%)
134 (25.2%0
0.776
Injury-related data
Fracture type, n (%)
<0.001
0.422
Stable (A1.1–A2.1)
928 (58.9%)
252 (42.7%)
244 (46.0%)
231 (43.5%)
Unstable (A2.2–A3.3)
648 (41.1%)
338 (57.3%)
287 (54.0%)
300 (56.5%)
Time from injury to surgery, days
6.1 ± 3.1
5.9 ± 3.3
0.100
6.0 ± 3.1
6.0 ± 3.3
0.766
Surgery-related data
ASA, n (%)
0.713
0.859
1
306 (19.4%)
110 (18.6%)
101 (19.0%)
99 (18.6%)
2
451 (28.6%)
184 (31.2%)
152 (28.6%0
164 (30.9%)
3
575 (36.5%)
200 (33.9%)
196 (36.9%)
181 (34.1%)
4
206 (13.1%)
82 (13.9%)
72 (13.6%)
75 (14.1%)
5
38 (2.4%)
14 (2.4%)
10 (1.9%0
12 (2.3%)
mECM, n (%)
0.580
0.752
<0
31 (2.0%)
13 (2.2%)
12 (2.3%)
13 (2.4%)
0
804 (51.0%)
278 (47.1%)
272 (51.2%)
250 (47.1%)
1–5
257 (16.3%)
99 (16.8%)
86 (16.2%)
90 (16.9%)
6–13
420 (26.6%)
174 (29.5%)
140 (26.4%)
155 (29.2%)
≥14
64 (4.1%)
26 (4.4%)
21 (4.0%)
23 (4.3%)
In-hospital data
Hb level at admission (g/dL)
0.729
0.962
Hb ≥ 12
454 (28.8%)
179 (30.3%)
155 (29.2%)
160 (30.1%)
12 > Hb ≥ 10
670 (42.5%)
237 (40.2%)
219 (41.2%)
215 (40.5%)
10 > Hb ≥ 8
371 (23.5%)
146 (24.7%)
127 (23.9%)
129 (24.3%)
Hb < 8
81 (5.1%)
28 (4.7%)
30 (5.6%)
27 (5.1%)
Blood transfusion (Yes)
1203 (76.3%)
149 (74.7%)
0.442
413 (77.8%)
400 (75.3%)
0.346
VAS at admission
4.9 ± 1.7
6.4 ± 1.5
<0.001
5.9 ± 1.3
6.0 ± 1.6
0.410
NRS at admission
4.9 ± 1.7
6.4 ± 1.5
<0.001
5.9 ± 1.3
5.9 ± 1.6
0.934
GDS
3.5 ± 1.6
4.4 ± 1.3
<0.001
4.0 ± 1.9
4.2 ± 1.7
0.109
FIM
84.6 ± 10.6
83.4 ± 10.2
0.022
83.1 ± 10.2
83.3 ± 10.9
0.769
Anxiety (Yes)
142 (9.0%)
507 (14.1%)
0.001
102 (19.2%)
82 (15.4%)
0.105
Values are presented as the number (%) or mean ± SD (standard deviation). , statistical significance. BMI, body mass index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; mECM, modified Elixhauser’s Comorbidity Measure; VAS, visual analog scores; NRS, numerical rating scores; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; FIM, functional independence measure.
