Prevalence and Characterization of Psychological Trauma in Patients with Fibromyalgia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 2

Clinical characteristics of the sample. Data are presented as the mean (SD) and/or number (%).

Variable		Obs/Freq	Mean/Percentage	Std. Err.	[95% Conf. Interval]
MINI	GAD	77	87.5%	0.03	0.78	0.92
	MDD	67	76.13%	0.04	0.65	0.83
	Panic disorder	56	63.6%	0.05	0.52	0.73
	Social phobia/Agoraphobia	26	29.5%	0.04	0.20	0.40
	Dysthymia	10	11.3%	0.03	0.06	0.19
	OCD	3	3.4%	0.01	0.01	0.10
HADS	HADS-D	88	12.04	0.46	11.12	12.96
	HADS-A	88	14.34	0.39	13.55	15.12
AIS		88	14.13	0.52	13.10	15.17
SWLS		87	11.78	0.49	10.79	12.76
VAS pain		88	6.57	0.23	6.11	7.03
PDI		88	46.12	1.21	43.71	48.53
Onset of pain		86	35.44	1.29	32.87	38.02
Diagnosis of fibromyalgia		87	44.55	0.92	42.73	46.37
S-FIQ		87	55.58	1.06	53.47	57.69
Suicidal thinking		73	82.9%	0.04	0.73	0.89
Suicide attempt	28	32.9%	0.05	0.23	0.43
	Violent	4	4.5%	0.02	0.01	0.11
	No violent	24	27.2%	0.04	0.18	0.37
	Severe	12	13.6%	0.03	0.078	0.22
	Not severe	16	18.1%	0.04	0.11	0.27
Diagnostics axis III	CFS	53	60.2%	0.05	0.49	0.70
	Osteoarthritis	27	30.6%	0.04	0.21	0.41
	Spinal disc herniation	10	11.3%	0.03	0.06	0.19
	Chronic migraine	9	10.2%	0.03	0.05	0.18
	Low back pain	9	10.2%	0.03	0.05	0.18
	Thyroid diseases	8	9%	0.03	0.04	0.17
	Rheumatoid arthritis	6	6.8%	0.02	0.03	0.14
	Restless legs syndrome	5	5.6%	0.02	0.02	0.13
	Chemical sensitivity syndrome	4	4.5%	0.02	0.01	0.11
Pharmacological treatment	Anxiolytics/Hypnotics	53	60.9%	0.05	0.50	0.70
	SNRI	43	49.4%	0.05	0.38	0.59
	SSRI	18	20.6%	0.04	0.13	0.30
	Other antidepressants	33	37.9%	0.05	0.28	0.48
	Opioids+ Tramadol Codeine Morphine Fentanyl Oxycodone Buprenorphine Tapentadol	32; 20; 1; 1; 1; 2; 1; 8	36.7%; 22.7%; 1.1%; 1.1%; 1.1%; 2.3%; 1.1%; 9.1%	0.05; 0.04; 0.01; 0.01; 0.01; 0.01; 0.01; 0.03	0.27; 0.14; −0.01; −0.01; −0.01; −0.01; −0.01; 0.03	0.47; 0.32; 0.03; 0.03; 0.03; 0.06; 0.03; 0.16
	Paracetamol	32	36.7%	0.05	0.27	0.47
	Anti-inflammatory drugs	31	35.6%	0.05	0.26	0.46
	Anticonvulsants	18	20.6%	0.04	0.13	0.30
	Antipsychotics	8	9.1%	0.03	0.04	0.17

Obs/Freq : Number of cases observed/Frequency; Std. Error, Standard Error; Conf., Confidence; MINI : MINI Neuropsychiatric International Interview; MDD : Major Depressive Disorder; GAD : Generalized Anxiety Disorder; OCD : Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; HADS : Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS-D : Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression; HADS-A : Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety; AIS : Athens Insomnia Scale; SWLQ : Satisfaction With Life Questionnaire; VAS pain, Visual Analogue Scale for pain; PDI : Pain Disability Index; S-FIQ : Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire-Spanish validation; CFS : Chronic Fatigue Syndrome; SSRI : Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor; SNRI : Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor. Scales data are presented as means. The rest of the variables are presented as percentages. + also in combination.