Effect of Preventive Analgesia with Nalbuphine and Dexmedetomidine in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

Table 4

Comparison of intraoperative variables, side effects, and the need for rescue analgesia in the three groups.

	Group N	Group DN	Group C	value
Intraoperative variables
Awaking time (min)	21.16 ± 0.75	20.44 ± 0.73	19.81 ± 0.70	0.423
Extubation time (min)	23.00 ± 0.73	22.34 ± 0.73	22.38 ± 0.78	0.782
Remifentanil dosage (ug)	249.69 ± 5.93^a	176.88 ± 7.53^ab	296.56 ± 8.85	<0.001
Sufentanil dosage (ug)	34.38 ± 0.66	33.75 ± 0.71	34.53 ± 0.72	0.706
Propofol dosage (mg)	340.94 ± 7.92^a	262.81 ± 6.46^ab	397.50 ± 8.39	<0.001
Side effects
Nausea and vomiting	2 (6.3%)^a	0^a	12 (37.5%)	<0.001
Pruritus	0	0	2 (6.3%)	0.130
Respiratory depression	0	0	2 (6.3%)	0.130
Urinary retention	2 (6.3%)	1 (3.1%)	3 (9.4%)	0.587
Dizziness	0	2 (6.3%)	3 (9.4%)	0.228
The need for rescue analgesia	6 (18.8%)^a	0^ab	16 (50%)	<0.001

Group N, preoperative nalbuphine injection; group DN, preoperative nalbuphine combined with dexmedetomidine injection; group C, preoperative saline injection. ^a compared with group C; ^b compared with group N.