Validation of a Model Predicting That Physical Activities Improve Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Japanese Adults with Pain, Dysesthesia, and Kinesiophobia after Lumbar Surgery: Structural Equation Modeling

Table 1

Descriptive statistics of the assessed items.

Items (range)	Median	Quartile deviation	Minimum-maximum
Pain/dysesthesia
LBP (0–10 points)	2	1.5	0–10
LP (0–10 points)	1	1.5	0–8
LD (0–10 points)	1	1.5	0–9
HRQOL
EQ-5D (0–1 points)	0.728	0.096	0.01–1
Kinesiophobia
SF (7–28 points)	15	2.0	7–26
AA (6–24 points)	15	1.5	6–22
Physical activities
Walking (1–5 points)	2	1.0	1–5
S/LIE (1–5 points)	1	1.5	1–5
MSE (1–5 points)	1	1.0	1–5
MTH/G (1–5 points)	2	1.0	1–5
Paid works (1–5 points)	1	0.5	1–5

LBP, lower back pain; LP, leg pain; LD, leg dysesthesia; HRQOL, health-related quality of life; EQ-5D: EuroQol 5-dimension, SF, somatic focus; AA, activity avoidance. S/LIE, stretching and light-intensity exercises; MSE, muscle strength exercises; MTH/G, maintenance tasks of the house and garden, including kitchen garden.