Ultrasonography Comparison of Diaphragm Morphological Structure and Function in Young and Middle-Aged Subjects with and without Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain: A Case-Control Study

Table 2

Comparison of the index of T^ins, T^exp, T^rate, and T^exc between the two groups.

	NCLBP group; (N = 31)	HC group; (N = 32)	t/Z	value	95% CI
T^ins	3.80 ± 0.68	4.66 ± 1.02	−3.90	<0.001^a#	(−1.30∼−0.42)
T^exp	2.50 (2.20–2.70)	2.80 (2.32–3.20)	−2.79	0.005^b#	NA
T^rate	0.57 ± 0.11	0.65 ± 0.18	−2.03	0.047^a#	(−0.15∼0)
T^exc	51.37 ± 11.57	56.40 ± 16.23	−1.42	0.161^a	(−12.15∼2.09)

^at-value; ^bZ-value; ^# value of less than 0.05.