Surgical Reduction and Direct Repair Using Pedicle Screw-Rod-Hook Fixation in Adult Patients with Low-Grade Isthmic Spondylolisthesis

Table 2

Clinical outcome assessments (M ± IQR).

	Preoperative	Postoperative	FFU
VAS-LBP	6.00 ± 1.00^ab	2.00 ± 1.00^ac	0 ± 1.00^bc
VAS-leg	3.00 ± 1.25^ab	0 ± 1.00^a	0 ± 0^b
ODI	48.00 ± 6.25^ab	20.00 ± 7.30^ac	10.00 ± 8.00^bc

ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; VAS, visual analog scale (VAS); LBP, low back pain; FFU, final follow-up. ^aPreoperative vs. postoperative ; ^bpreoperative vs. FFU ; ^cpostoperative vs. FFU . Note. Values in the VAS-LBP, VAS-leg, and ODI data represent M ± IQR.