The Impact of Perioperative Multimodal Pain Management on Postoperative Outcomes in Patients (Aged 75 and Older) Undergoing Short-Segment Lumbar Fusion Surgery

Table 3

Postoperative pain level and opioid consumption.

	PMPM group (n = 122)	Control group (n = 122)	value
Maximal VAS score
POD1	4.7 (2.8–6.6)	4.6 (2.8–6.4)
POD2	3.9 (2.8–5.0)	3.6 (2.6–4.6)
POD3	3.0 (1.2–4.6)	3.7 (1.7–5.7)
Additional opioid consumption, n (%)
POD1	6 (4.9)	4 (3.3)
POD2	6 (4.9)	5 (4.1)
POD3	8 (6.6)	24 (19.7)
Total oral opioid consumption (mg)	213	655

VAS: visual analogue scale; POD1: postoperative day 1; POD2: postoperative day 2; POD3: postoperative day 3; .