The Impact of Perioperative Multimodal Pain Management on Postoperative Outcomes in Patients (Aged 75 and Older) Undergoing Short-Segment Lumbar Fusion Surgery

Table 4

Other outcomes of the two groups.

	PMPM group (n = 122)	Control group (n = 122)	value
Postoperative LOS	7.7 (3.8–11.6)	9.0 (4.9–13.1)
Extended LOS, n (%)	35 (28)	52 (42)
The day of first ambulation	1.7 (0.8–2.7)	4.1 (2.4–5.8)
Complications	30 (25%)	60 (49%)
Cardiovascular disease	1 (1%)	2 (2%)
Acute cerebral infarction	0	0
Delirium	1 (1%)	2 (2%)
SSI	5 (4%)	8 (7%)
Pneumonia	2 (2%)	1 (1%)
Hematoma	1 (1%)	2 (2%)
DVT	3 (2%)	3 (2%)
Urinary tract infection	2 (2%)	3 (3%)
Nausea/vomiting	6 (4.9%)	15 (12.3%)
Retention of urine	1 (1%)	4 (3%)
Constipation	22 (18%)	35 (28.7%)
Hypoalbuminemia	28 (13%)	46 (38%)
The rate of readmission, n (%)	2 (2%)	7 (6%)
Transfer to rehabilitation center, n (%)	2 (2)	6 (5)

LOS: length of stay; SSI: surgical site infection; DVT: deep vein thrombosis; .