Revealing the Central Mechanism of Acupuncture for Primary Dysmenorrhea Based on Neuroimaging: A Narrative Review

Figure 1

The study design included (a) the proportion of different types of acupuncture points, (b) the proportion of the type of control of PD, (c) the proportion of institutions, (d) the proportion of analysis methods of neuroimaging data, (e) the proportion of scanning techniques, and (f) the proportion of clinical scale of PD. VA: verum acupuncture; SA: sham acupuncture; CBF: cerebral blood flow; ALFF: amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations; FC: functional connectivity; ReHo: regional homogeneity; ICA: independent components analysis; PET-CT: positron emission tomography-computed tomography; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; fMRI: functional magnetic resonance imaging; PWI: perfusion-weighted imaging; ASL: arterial spin labeling; PPI: present pain intensity; PRI: pain rating index; STAI: state-trait anxiety inventory; BDI-II: beck depression inventory-II; MPQ: McGill pain questionnaire; NRS: numerical rating scale; CMSS: cox menstrual symptom scale; SAS: self-rating anxiety scale; SDS: self-rating depression scale; VAS: visual analog scale.

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