The use of minimally invasive techniques by physiotherapists has increased in recent years, with many different modalities, such as dry needling, percutaneous needle electrolysis, or percutaneous neuromodulation, having shown effectiveness in decreasing pain and improving function in different neuromusculoskeletal conditions. These techniques have been shown to be safe, with minor adverse effects, and constitute an increasing promising alternative treatment for different types of pain and dysfunction.

Although there is increasing evidence to support the use of these techniques, there are still many challenges for the scientific community, such as achieving a better understanding of the mechanisms of action behind some of these techniques, as well as increasing the depth of our knowledge of which protocols are more effective and cost-effective. Moreover, it is necessary to analyze how these treatments can be personalized to achieve the best clinical results, which remains a challenge, as many studies use the same protocols independently of the population characteristics.

This Special Issue focuses on pain research and management from the perspective of minimally invasive techniques commonly used in clinical practice, considering not only pain but also any dysfunction that these techniques can improve in different types of populations. We welcome both original research and review articles. We invite studies that address different protocols and which personalize interventions to the needs of each patient, while also considering the relationship with psychosocial factors related to pain and dysfunction. We are particularly interested in studies that include technologies commonly used in clinical practice by physiotherapists with the objective to improve precision and safety or measure results more objectively, such as ultrasound.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Minimally invasive techniques, such as dry needling, percutaneous needle electrolysis, and percutaneous neuromodulation for musculoskeletal pain management
• Minimally invasive techniques for neurological impairments, such as spasticity or movement dysfunction
• Minimally invasive techniques for tendinopathies
• Minimally invasive techniques and psychosocial factors related to pain
• Precision, safety, and outcomes measurement of ultrasound-guided minimally invasive techniques:
• Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of different treatments with minimally invasive techniques
• Mechanisms of action of minimally invasive techniques
• Dose personalization of minimally invasive techniques for musculoskeletal pain management