Morphological Caste Differences in Three Species of the Neotropical Genus Clypearia (Hymenoptera: Polistinae: Epiponini)

Table 2

Means, standard deviations, and $F$ values of ANOVA for the analyzed colonies of the genus Clypearia.

(a)

Colony	C. sulcata I			C. sulcata II			C. sulcata III
			Bonferroni			Bonferroni			Bonferroni
			t-test			t-test			t-test
Characters	Queen	Worker		Queen	Worker		Queen	Worker
	($N=1$)	($N=16$)	Q/W	($N=2$)	($N=23$)	Q/W	($N=\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}}3$)	($N=47$)	Q/W
HW	$2.97\pm 0.00$	$3.13\pm 0.05$	${}^{**}$	$3.19\pm 0.01$	$3.16\pm 0.03$	#	$3.12\pm 0.06$	$3.16\pm 0.06$	#
IDm	$1.19\pm 0.00$	$1.24\pm 0.03$	#	$1.28\pm 0.01$	$1.27\pm 0.02$	#	$1.26\pm 0.04$	$1.23\pm 0.03$	#
GW	$0.48\pm 0.00$	$0.55\pm 0.03$	${}^{**}$	$0.56\pm 0.00$	$0.59\pm 0.04$	#	$0.54\pm 0.03$	$0.55\pm 0.02$	#
MSW	$1.90\pm 0.00$	$2.00\pm 0.06$	#	$2.06\pm 0.01$	$2.04\pm 0.05$	#	$1.97\pm 0.03$	$2.00\pm 0.06$	#
AL	$3.86\pm 0.00$	$4.02\pm 0.11$	#	$4.18\pm 0.04$	$4.18\pm 0.07$	#	$4.06\pm 0.13$	$4.03\pm 0.10$	#
T2BW	$1.31\pm 0.00$	$1.37\pm 0.04$	#	$1.37\pm 0.03$	$1.37\pm 0.05$	#	$1.34\pm 0.03$	$1.34\pm 0.05$	#
WL	$1.50\pm 0.00$	$1.56\pm 0.11$	#	$1.65\pm 0.01$	$1.62\pm 0.08$	#	$1.58\pm 0.04$	$1.59\pm 0.05$	#

(b)

Colony	C.angustior			C. duckei
			Bonferroni			Bonferroni
			t-test			t-test
Characters	Queen	Worker		Queen	Worker
	$(N=7)$	$(N=7)$	Q/W	($N=16\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}})$	$(N=112)$	$Q/W$
HW	$2.88\pm 0.04$	$2.78\pm 0.08$	${}^{**}$	$2.95\pm 0.05$	$2.95\pm 0.05$	$\#$
IDm	$1.21\pm 0.02$	$1.14\pm 0.03$	${}^{*}$	$1.18\pm 0.03$	$1.15\pm 0.03$	${}^{**}$
GW	$0.42\pm 0.04$	$0.39\pm 0.03$	#	$0.34\pm 0.02$	$0.35\pm 0.03$	$\#$
MSW	$2.01\pm 0.05$	$1.90\pm 0.10$	${}^{***}$	$2.26\pm 0.07$	$2.21\pm 0.06$	${}^{**}$
AL	$4.28\pm 0.09$	$4.07\pm 0.19$	${}^{**}$	$4.51\pm 0.19$	$4.43\pm 0.12$	${}^{***}$
T2BW	$1.34\pm 0.06$	$1.31\pm 0.03$	#	$2.03\pm 0.08$	$1.94\pm 0.06$	$*$
WL	$1.80\pm 0.06$	$1.69\pm 0.09$	${}^{**}$	$1.59\pm 0.10$	$1.58\pm 0.10$	$\#$

${}_{}{}^{*}P<.001\text{;}$${}_{}{}^{**}P<.02\text{;}$${}_{}{}^{***}P<.05$; # not significant ($P>.05$).