Research Article

Citizen Science Observations of Monarch Butterfly Overwintering in the Southern United States

Table 2

Summary of average latitudes of monarch winter sightings across all years and sighting categories (adults only or confirmed breeding). Numbers in parentheses indicate 95% confidence intervals. Means and confidence intervals calculated using circular statistics [13].

YearAdult(s) onlyBreedingCombined

200229.7°(0.7)29.0°(0.9)29.4°(0.5)
200329.2°(0.8)29.0°(0.6)29.1°(0.5)
200429.0°(1.5)29.8°(0.3)29.5°(0.5)
200530.7°(1.0)28.7°(0.9)29.5°(0.8)
200631.7°(1.3)28.6°(1.0)30.7°(1.0)
200729.7°(1.8)28.9°(1.1)29.5°(1.3)
200830.4°(1.1)28.9°(0.7)29.7°(0.7)
200928.8°(0.7)29.3°(0.4)29.0°(0.4)
201028.2°(1.6)28.2°(1.0)28.2°(0.9)
All years29.8°(0.4)29.0°(0.2)29.4°(0.2)