Morphology and Ultrastructure of Brain Tissue and Fat Body from the Flesh Fly, Sarcophaga bullata Parker (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), Envenomated by the Ectoparasitic Wasp Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

Table 2

Incidence of apoptosis in brain tissue of S. bullata envenomated by N. vitripennis.

Time; (hours)	Treatment	𝑛	Apoptotic cells; (𝑋± SEM) %
0	Control; Venom	1745; 2011	4.7 ± 0.3a; 5.9 ± 0.2a
3	Control; Venom	1540; 1687	3.6 ± 0.4a; 13.5 ± 0.9b
6	Control; Venom	2431; 1938	6.2 ± 0.1a; 46.6 ± 2.6c
24	Control; Venom	1867; 1805	4.3 ± 0.4a; 59.7 ± 3.0d

Apoptosis was determined from captured images and analyzed using SPOT (v. 4.5) and Adobe Photoshop software (Creative Suite 2, Photoshop v. 9.0). Image analyses were performed using brain sections from three hosts, counting a minimum of 500 cells/treatment/time point. Values in the same column followed by the same letter do not differ significantly from each other at 𝑃<0.05.