Effect of Air Humidity on Sex Ratio and Development of Ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Table 1

Survival of developmental stages of Harmonia axyridis reared on two diets and in three levels of relative air humidity at 25°C and 16L : 8D photoperiod. N: initial number of second instar larvae, S3, S4, P and A: percentage survival to particular larval instar, pupal, or adult stage relative to the initial number of individuals, M: sex ratio (percentage of males). Chi-square tests with their probabilities were calculated for three-dimensional contingency table (food × humidity × survival/sex).

Food	RH %	N	S3 %	S4 %	P %	A %	M %
Acyrthosiphon	30	100	74	55	26	24	71
Acyrthosiphon	60	80	84	70	36	36	48
Acyrthosiphon	90	90	83	67	36	34	39
Ephestia	30	50	84	72	60	58	62
Ephestia	60	50	82	70	50	50	52
Ephestia	90	40	75	60	28	28	18
χ ^2 (d = 2)			6.59	9.22	23.58	24.25	18.21
P			0.037	0.010	<10^−4	<10^−4	10^−4