Towards a Better Understanding of the Evolution of Specialized Parasites of Fungus-Growing Ant Crops

Table 1

Overview of available studies on Escovopsis virulence in gardens of fungus-growing ants, and our assortment of these studies into the four Tinbergen quadrats.

Quadrat	Study focus	References
Ontogeny	Pathology, impact, and prevalence	[32, 34, 35]
	Genetic and chemical basis of Escovopsis recognition of cultivars	[36, 38–41, 43]
Mechanism	Ant behavioural defences	[44–47]
	Chemical defences	[47, 48]
	Actinobacteria defences	[49–52]
	Cultivar defences	[40, 41, 43]
Phylogeny	Population-level specificity	[38–41, 43]
	Cross-phylogeny specificity	[38, 51]
Adaptation	Susceptibility/resistance to metapleural gland compounds	([48], reviewed in [53, 54])
	Degree of Actinobacteria specificity	[55–63]
	Susceptibility/resistance to Actinobacteria secretions	[50, 58, 60, 61, 64, 65]
	Host cultivar use	[38–41, 43]