Volatile Chemicals of Adults and Nymphs of the Eucalyptus Pest, Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Heteroptera: Thaumastocoridae)

Table 1

Identification and quantification (ng) of compounds present in Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Heteroptera: Thaumastocoridae) exuviae. Different letters for each compound indicate significant differences between instars (KI: Kovats Index; SE: standard error). Statistical comparisons: Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test followed by a nonparametric multiple comparisons test (𝑃>0.05).

Chemical compounds	DB-5 column	1st instar	2nd instar	3rd instar	4th instar	5th instar
	KI	Mean SE	Mean SE	Mean SE	Mean SE	Mean SE
(1) Benzaldehyde	962	0.1±0.0^a	0.1±0.0^a	0.2±0.0^a	0.1±0.0^a	0.1±0.0^a
(2) Hexanoic acid	988	0.4±0.0^a	1.7±0.5^a	8.5±3.9^a	21.2±7.8^b	25.9±6.7^b
(3) Octanal	996	2.1±0.6^a	5.9±1.2^a	5.7±1.7^a	6.6±2.6^a	3.6±1.1^a
(4) (E)-2-octenal	1062	0.3±0.1^a	0.4±0.1^a	0.3±0.0^a	0.3±0.0^a	0.2±0.1^a
(5) Octanoic acid	1209	0.2±0.0^a	0.9±0.3^a	2.6±1.1^a	7.4±2.9^b	7.3±0.8^b
(6) Decanal	1239	0.3±0.1^a	0.4±0.1^a	0.3±0.2^a	0.2±0.1^a	0.1±0.0^a
Total (ng)		3.4	9.5	17.7	35.7	37.2