Genetic Diversity of Melipona mandacaia SMITH 1863 (Hymenoptera, Apidae), an Endemic Bee Species from Brazilian Caatinga, Using ISSR

Table 3

Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) with two hierarchical levels and with three hierarchical levels, testing the São Francisco River as a geographic barrier in M. mandacaia.

Source of variation	d.f	Sum of squares	Variance components	Variation (%)	P value
Two hierarchical levels
among populations	11	340.738	2.85713 Va	29.61	<0.001
within populations	92	624.724	6.79048 Vb	70.39
Total	103	965.462	9.6476
Fixation index	ΦST=0.2961
Three hierarchical levels
Among groups	1	39.166	−0.00989 Va	0	<0.001
Among populations within groups	10	301.571	2.86056 Va	29.67
within populations	92	624.724	6.79048 Vb	70.43
Total	103	965.462	9.64115
Fixation index	ΦST=0.29640

Populations refer to sampled localities.