Insights into Population Origins of Neotropical Junonia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Nymphalinae) Based on Mitochondrial DNA

Table 1

Effective female population sizes (𝑁_ef) and exponential growth rates (g) in Junonia genoveva from Costa Rica and Guaymas, Mexico determined with FLUCTUATE.

Locality	N	𝜃	𝑁ef	g (1/μ generations)
Costa Rica	22	0.1731 (±0.0511)	1.49×10^7	2603 (±231)
Guaymas	19	0.0065 (±0.0056)	5.60×10^5	3839 (±1895)

Values for maximum-likelihood estimates of 𝜃 and g (±1.96 standard deviations) are shown.
A neutral mutation rate per site per generation (𝜇) of 5.8×10⁻⁹ was assumed.