Insights into Population Origins of Neotropical Junonia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Nymphalinae) Based on Mitochondrial DNA

Table 2

Results of the mismatch distribution of COI sequences in Junonia genoveva from Costa Rica (𝑁=22) and Guaymas, Mexico (𝑁=19).

Population	𝜏 (95% CI)	𝜃0	𝜃1	SSD	rg
Costa Rica	2.00 (0.79, 5.67)	1.11	58.13	0.0019 (P = 0.81)	0.024 (P = 0.81)
Guaymas	1.06 (0.20, 2.19)	0.00	>1000	0.0299 (P = 0.08)	0.197 (P = 0.06)

𝜏: moment estimator of mutational time; 𝜃₀ and 𝜃₁: mutation parameters where 𝜃₀=2𝑢𝑁₀ and 𝜃₁=2𝑢𝑁₁ (𝑁₀ and 𝑁₁ are the population sizes before and after the expansion, resp.) with 95% confidence intervals (CI); SSD: sum of square deviations; rg: raggedness statistic [23, 24].