Butterfly Diversity from Farmlands of Central Uganda

Table 1

Type of common agroforestry systems found in farmlands of central Uganda.

Cluster names	Study site names	Type of traditional agroforestry systems	Size range (ha) of the agroforest	Other vegetation characteristics of the traditional agroforests	Closeness or distance to water bodies	Dominant natural habitats, seminatural habitats, and vegetation types found within, around, and in the vicinity of sites
	Bukose	Shaded coffee-banana agroforests	10–100	Mass blooming of weeds/herbs in the ground layer	30 m to wetlands	Reclaimed wetlands, young fallows, field margins, woodlands
Bujaggali	Namizi-east	Multistrata complex shaded banana-coffee agroforests	10–500	(i) Multipurpose agroforest tree species; (ii) Forest remanent tree species	4000 m to swamps	Forest fallows, young fallows, grasslands, pastures, marshlands, swamps, wetlands
	Namizi-west	Simple banana-coffee agroforests	10–50	(i) Tin wild woody trees in the lower layer; (ii) Some invasive tree species	5000 m to river Nile	Conifer plantations, pine/eucalyptus plantations, old fallows, grazing fields, large swamps, forest fallows
	Nawangoma	Simple agroforests, homegardens	10–100	(i) Diverse shade tree species; (ii) Diverse fruit tree species; (iii) Ruderal vegetation in bloom	7000 m to Lake Kyoga	Woodlands, shrublands with several deciduous trees, hedgerows, field margins, forest plantations, degraded/cleared forest patches
	Bamusuta	Complex shaded banana-coffee agroforests	10–50	(i)  Mass blooming weeds/herbs in  ground layer	1000 m to wetlands	Young fallows, hedgerows, forest fallows
Kalagi	Kifu	Complex banana-coffee agroforests	10–700	(i) Mass blooming of ruderal vegetation in the ground layer,; (ii) Native tree species in the canopy	200 m to swamps	Wood-shrub grasslands, grasslands, cattle pastures, swampy forests, forest reserves
	Kimwanyi	Simple shaded coffee-banana agroforests	10–50	(i) Multistrata mass blooming weeds/herbs at the ground layer; (ii) Coffee shrubs in the upper layer	500 m to streams	Eucalyptus plantations, wood-shrub grasslands, young fallows, hedgerows, cattle pastures, forest plantations, large wetlands
	Kiweebwa	Complex banana coffee- agroforests	10–900	(i) Mass blooming of weeds/herbs/grasses in the ground layer; (ii) Coffee shrubs in the upper layer	600 m to swamps	Forest fallows, swampy forests, woody grasslands, woodlots, Invasive tree species, young fallows, hedgerows
Kamuli	Naikesa	Simple agroforests	10–20	(i) Mass blooming of ruderal vegetations; (ii) Coffee shrubs in the upper layer	1600 to swamps	Forest fallows, old fallows, grazing fields, shrublands, swamps
	Namulekya	Multistrata complex agroforests	10–200	(i)   Tin woody trees; (ii) Tall herbs in lower layer; (iii) Coffee shrubs in the upper layer; (iv) Diverse indigenous shading trees	400 m to swamps	Swampy forests, eucalyptus plantations,young fallows, pine plantations
Kaweri	Luwunga	Large shaded coffee plantations	10–60	(i) Diverse shade tree species; (ii) Mass blooming weeds/herbs in the ground layer	200 m to river channels	(i) Forest fragments in the vicinity of the coffee plantations,; (ii) Presence of rivers and irrigation channels
	Nonve	Large sun coffee plantations	10–900	(i)  Simple and scattered presence of  native plant species in the coffee  plantations	500 m to rivers	(i) Forest fragments in the vicinity of the coffee; (ii) Presence of rivers and irrigation channels
Lugazi	Kasaku tea	Large sun tea plantations	50–750	(i) Mass blooming of weeds/herbs in the ground layer; (ii) Tea shading trees	200 m to Swamps	Wood-shrub grasslands, swamps
	Sugar	Large sun sugar cane plantations	5–10	(i)  Mass blooming of weeds/herbs in  the ground layer	200 m to irrigation channels	Shrublands, irrigation channels
Mabira	Bulyasi	Complex forest-agroforest systems	10–400	(i)   Mass blooming weeds/herbs; (ii) Coffee shrubs, tall herbs,; (iii) Indigenous	2000 m to streams	Eucalyptus plantations, forest fallows, young fallows, grazing fields, mabira large forest reserves
	Kinoni	Simple agroforests, homegardens	10–760	(i)   Native medicinal plant species,; (ii) Diverse shade trees; (iii) Diverse fruit tree species; (iv) Multistrata mass blooming weeds/herbs/grasses	8000 m to marshlands	Forest fallows, young fallows, old fallows, grazing fields
	Kasaala	Simple agroforests	10–100	(i) Coffee shrubs in the upper layer; (ii) Simple shad tree species	12000 m to rivers	Young fallows, old fallows
Masaka	Katwadde	Simple agroforests	10–100	(i) Diverse tree species; (ii) Presence of forest remnant trees	17000 m to rivers	Young fallows, hedgerows, grazing plots
	Kiwaala	Complex coffee-banana agroforests	10–980	(i)   Multiple native shade tree stands; (ii) Multistrata of blooming of  weeds/herbs/grasses; (iii) Forest remnant trees	12000 m to wetlands	Ecotones, forest fallows, old fallows, hedgerows, cattle pastures, woodlands, forest reserves, wetlands
	Mpugwe	Simple agroforests	10–200	(i) Dense native shade trees; (ii) Mass blooming of weeds/herbs	18000 m to rivers	Forest remnants, young fallows, old fallows, grasslands, shrublands
Mpigi	Lukalu	Complex agroforests	10–600	(i)  Mass blooming weeds/herbs in the  ground layer	200 m to streams	Young fallows, cattle pastures, hedgerows, forest fallows, intact natural forest reserves
	Mpanga	Complex traditional agroforests	1100	(i)  Mixture of coffee shrubs, tin  woody trees, tall herbs, diverse  fruit species	300 m to wetlands	Swamps, forest wetlands, young fallows, grazing fields, forest fallows, shrublands, forest reserves
	Kimuli	Multistrata complex agroforests	10–400	(i)  Mass blooming weeds/herbs; (ii) Dense native trees in the canopy layer	200 m to large wetlands	Ecotones, forest fallows, cattle pastures, grasslands, cleared forests, forest fallows, secondary forests, swamps, large wetlands
Nakaseke	Kyetume	Complex agroforests	10–400	(i)   Mass blooming weeds/herbs; (ii) Dense native trees in the canopy; (iii) “Semi-forests” of coffee trees	2200 m to large wetlands	Woodlands, shade tree stands, young fallows, cattle pastures, woodlands, primary forests, secondary forests
	Lukumbi	Complex agroforests	10–200	(i)   Mass blooming weeds/herbs; (ii) Dense native trees in the canopy; (iii) Forest remnant trees	3800 m to large swamps	Woodlands, young fallows, grazing fields, forest fallows, secondary forests, SEMUTO large wetlands
	Segalye	Complex agroforests	10–600	(i) Mass blooming weeds/herbs; (ii) Dense native trees in the canopy; (iii) Forest remnant trees	4890 m to large swamps	Old fallows, woodlands, degraded secondary forests, large woodlands