Butterfly Diversity from Farmlands of Central Uganda

Table 5

Coefficient of correlations between the matrix of environmental (habitat/land-use) variables and the 4 axes of the CCA ordination scores. Different levels of significance of Spearman rank coefficients of correlation of the environmental variables with axes: ^*𝑃<0.05; ^**𝑃<0.01; ^***𝑃<0.001; ns: 𝑃>0.05. Correlations indicate the degree to which species occurrence and distributions correspond to changes in each variable in the environmental matrix.

Variable codes	Definition of environmental (habitat/land use) variables that were measured concurrently with butterfly surveys	AX1	AX2	AX3	AX4
Ag fi	Small-scale agroforestry fields with fruit tree species	−0.025 ns	−0.2264 ns	0.6265^***	−0.2697 ns
Pla cof	Large coffee plantations in the margins of native forest fragments	0.158 ns	0.0732 ns	0.5488^**	0.0641 ns
Fo p	Annual/biannual crop fields in the surrounding of forest reserves	0.1809 ns	0.5947^**	0.4686^*	0.2083 ns
Gr pl	Small-scale grazing fields (cows, goats, sheep) + hedgerows	0.2799 ns	0.5748^**	0.4771^*	0.1021 ns
Fall	Fallows (young, old, forest and mixed fallows)	0.521^**	−0.1895 ns	−0.0199 ns	0.4696^*
SS field	Small-scale monoculture/polyculture fields of annual/biannual crops	0.3531 ns	0.2615 ns	0.631^**	−0.0049 ns
Sugar	Large sugar plantations with large water canals	−0.1413 ns	−0.0512^*	−0.2619 ns	0.4583^*
Sw hbt	Swampy habitats + reclaimed wetlands + stream-edges	0.1242 ns	−0.495^*	0.5256^**	−0.2101 ns
Tea	Large-scale of tea plantations in vicinity of wetlands/swamps	−0.4515^*	−0.001 ns	−0.3991^*	0.0468 ns
Wdld	Woodlots (Eucalyptus/Pine plantations) + woodlands + grasslands	0.0325 ns	0.452^*	0.5594^**	0.2514 ns