Psyche: A Journal of Entomology

Research Article

Butterfly Diversity from Farmlands of Central Uganda

Table 6

Richness and abundance of butterflies attracted to different habitats (land uses) frequently observed in the coffee-banana farming systems of central Uganda. (Most attractive habitats were those with >20% of weeds/crops/grass/wild plant species blooming or with buds in flowers at the time of visit.)


Foraging habitats: seminatural habitat types/crop-field habitat types	Habitat Frequency	Habitat size range (ha)	N	Butterfly species (x + SE)	Butterfly abundance (x + SE)

Field margins associated with or not termite mounds and shrubs/trees/grass species	125	0.05–0.5	159	d	c
Boundaries of small-scale polyculture/monoculture fields	96	0.01–0.05	150	e	c
Forest reserves in vicinity of small-scale fields and large coffee plantations	25	0.5–40	45
Woodlands, grasslands	15	0.5–40	30		c
Forest plantations (Pine/Eucalyptus)	11	0.5–30	22		c
Simple and complex traditional agroforests with fruit trees + pulse crops + cereals + root/tuber crops	34	0.05–2.9	119		c
Agroforestry woodlots (with species like Moringa sp., Sesbania sp., Leucaena sp., Calliandra sp., etc.)	21	0.05–2	45	e	c
Grazing fields, pastures, hedgerows	67	0.05–10	190	c	c
Swampy habitats, wetland-edges, streams-edges	54	0.3–5	89
Abandoned gardens	46	0.02–1	258	c	b
Fallows (young, old, and forest fallows)	100	0.03–3	356		b
Herbaceous or unweeded crop fields and unplowed fields	121	0.02–3	367		c
Perennial crops (e.g., large plantations of coffee/sugar cane)	89	0.05–12	600	e	c
Perennial crops (banana) grown sole or mixed with coffee and Vanilla	65	0.05–15	789	h	d
Perennial tree fruit crops (avocado, mango, citrus, lemon, guava, papaya, etc.) grown sole	25	0.03–10	98	e	c
Perennial fruit crops (passion fruit) grown sole	12	0.01–3	22	e	c
Homegardens of annual vegetables (pumpkin, watermelon, cleome, etc.)	48	0.01–0.5	79	d	c
Annual commercial/cash vegetable crops (tomato, egg plant, pepper) grown sole or mixed	38	0.02–6	121	f	d
Annual commercial/cash crops (sim-sim, sun flower) grown sole or mixed with legumes	15	0.02–10	48	f	d
Annual cereals mixed with pulse crops (beans,cowpea, greengram, soybean): Maize	61	0.04–7	421	f	e
Annual cereals mixed with pulse crops: sorghum/millet	19	0.03–6	259	e	d
Annual cereals (maize, sorghum, millet) mixed with pulse crops(beans, groundnut): Beans	41	0.02–5	342	f	d
Annual cereals mixed with pulse crops: Groundnut, cowpeas	26	0.02–6	403	h	e
Bi-annual crops (cassava)	26	0.02–8	198	h	e
Annual crops (sweet potato)	51	0.02–3	400	d	d
Annual cereals (rice)	16	0.05–15	55	h	e
Annual crops (Irish potato)	28	0.05–12	43	h	d

Habitat frequency: number of observation cases or number of times the habitat type was encountered across all 26 study sites and all sampling rounds.
Habitat size range (ha): the data show the minimum and the maximum size of the type of habitat encountered during butterfly faunistic surveys.
: number of samples (butterfly species and individuals) recorded in five sampling rounds across the 26 study sites in 2006.
Within columns, different letters show significant differences of the means at according to LSD test performed after Kruskall Wallis-ANOVA test indicated that the habitat type was significant () for the number of species and individuals attracted.