Chemical Constituents and Combined Larvicidal Effects of Selected Essential Oils against Anopheles cracens (Diptera: Culicidae)

Table 4

Larvicidal activity and cotoxicity coefficient (CTC) of five essential oils and P. sarmentosum-combined oil formulations against the 4th instar larvae of A. cracens.

Essential oil	Combination of essential oil	LC50 (95% CI, ppm)	Slope values ± SE	Cotoxicity coefficient (CTC)	Effect
P. sarmentosum (P)	P 100%	16.03 (15.51–16.54)	14.9920 ± 0.5669	—	—
F. vulgare (F)	F 100%	32.77 (31.44–34.11)	10.7846 ± 0.3708	—	—
C. longa (C)	C 100%	33.61 (29.43–39.15)	7.2941 ± 0.2698	—	—
M. fragrans (M)	M 100%	40.00 (37.33–43.32)	10.9335 ± 0.4652	—	—
Z. piperitum (Z)	Z 100%	63.17 (61.90–64.50)	12.7574 ± 0.5292	—	—
P + F	P 25% : F 75%	28.60 (28.37–28.83)	17.0907 ± 0.8318	90.8595	Antagonism
	P 50% : F 50%	27.29 (26.09–28.43)	15.0440 ± 0.6262	78.8890	Antagonism
	P 75% : F 25%	18.32 (17.65–18.99)	9.1834 ± 0.4084	100.3105	Synergism
P + C	P 25% : C 75%	27.10 (25.04–28.80)	6.8012 ± 0.2937	97.3354	Antagonism
	P 50% : C 50%	22.08 (21.51–22.61)	14.9567 ± 0.5742	98.3108	Antagonism
	P 75% : C 25%	16.81 (16.59–17.03)	10.8101 ± 0.4357	109.7055	Synergism
P + M	P 25% : M 75%	35.72 (33.51–37.74)	9.7333 ± 0.4288	81.5108	Antagonism
	P 50% : M 50%	28.51 (27.48–29.67)	14.7402 ± 0.7607	80.2797	Antagonism
	P 75% : M 25%	18.18 (17.69–18.64)	12.4666 ± 0.4585	103.7110	Synergism
P + Z	P 25% : Z 75%	41.40 (40.45–42.19)	32.5982 ± 1.4760	87.9356	Antagonism
	P 50% : Z 50%	29.40 (28.33–30.59)	19.9294 ± 0.7629	86.9765	Antagonism
	P 75% : Z 25%	17.99 (16.31–20.45)	6.8213 ± 0.3053	109.5410	Synergism