The Influence of Abiotic Factors on an Invasive Pest of Pulse Crops, Sitona lineatus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in North America
Table 1
Descriptions of CLIMEX parameters and parameter values used to predict the potential distribution and relative abundance of Sitona lineatus in North America.
Index
Parameter
Description
Value
Temperature
DV0
Limiting low temperature
7.0°C
DV1
Lower optimal temperature
16.0°C
DV2
Upper optimal temperature
25.0°C
DV3
Limiting high temperature
32.0°C
Moisture
SM0
Limiting low soil moisture
0.10
SM1
Lower optimal soil moisture
0.40
SM2
Upper optimal soil moisture
1.00
SM3
Limiting high moisture
1.50
Diapause
DPD0
Diapause induction day length
14 h
DPT0
Diapause induction temperature
11.0°C
DPT1
Diapause termination temperature
3.0°C
DPD
Diapause development days
120
DPSW
Diapause indicator for winter diapause
0
Cold Stress
TTCS
Cold stress threshold
−14.0°C
THCS
Cold stress temperature rate
−0.00025
Heat Stress
TTHS
Heat stress temperature threshold
34.0°C
THHS
Heat stress temperature rate
0.002
Dry Stress
SMDS
Dry stress threshold
0.02
HDS
Dry stress rate
−0.003
Wet Stress
SMWS
Wet stress threshold
2.0
HWS
Wet stress rate
0.01
Day-degree accumulation above DV0
DV0
7.0
DV3
32.0
Day-degree accumulation above DV3
DV3
32.0
DV4
100
Day-degree accumulation above DVCS
DVCS
8.0
DV4
100
Degree-days per generation
PDD
Minimum degree days above DV0 to complete generation