Preemptive Circular Defence of Immature Insects: Definition and Occurrences of Cycloalexy Revisited

Figure 1

Cycloalexywith heads outwards in shining leaf beetle larvae (Criocerinae). (a) Larvae of Lema sp. at rest, photograph in Potrerillos del Guendà, Dept. Santa Cruz, Bolivia, © D. Windsor. (b) Lilioceris nigropectoralis larvae in Taiwan. Seven larvae are distinctly larger and appear to be from a different cohort than the other twelve. Photograph taken in Yangmingshan National Park on 2 August 2011, by 劉 達偉 (Liu Dá Wĕi), and licensed under the Creative Commons 3.0 Taiwan (CC BY-NC 3.0 TW).

(a)

(b)