Repellent Effect and Insecticidal Activities of Bridelia ferruginea, Blighia sapida, and Khaya senegalensis Leaves Powders and Extracts against Dinoderus porcellus in Infested Dried Yam Chips
Table 1
Percent repellence (mean ± SE) of adult D. porcellus and repellent class of B. ferruginea, B. sapida, and K. senegalensis crude powders to varying exposure time and concentrations in a choice bioassay.
Treatments
Concentration (% w/w)
Percent repellency at different time intervals
Mean repellency
Repellency class
Repellency index
Classification
1 h
12 h
24 h
Antouka
2.0
35.4 ± 15.8
46.6 ± 9.7
37.7 ± 17.2
39.9 ± 7.7
II
0.60 ± 0.07
Repellent
5.0
69.0 ± 18.0
37.6 ± 8.8
35.0 ± 13.7
47.2 ± 8.6
III
0.56 ± 0.05
Repellent
7.0
28.8 ± 41.8
27.8 ± 18.4
52.1 ± 14.9
36.2 ± 14.9
II
0.62 ± 0.06
Repellent
10.0
75.0 ± 25.0
16.8 ± 18.5
28.8 ± 10.9
40.2 ± 12.5
III
0.61 ± 0.05
Repellent
RD50
5.4
5.9
7.0
B. ferruginea
2.0
18.9 ± 13.1
42.9 ± 27.4
35.8 ± 18.9
32.5 ± 11.2
II
0.63 ± 0.04
Repellent
5.0
53.5 ± 18.5
42.1 ± 7.8
43.4 ± 8.4
46.3 ± 6.7
III
0.60 ± 0.04
Repellent
7.0
51.8 ± 18.3
27.3 ± 9.4
42.0 ± 14.1
40.4 ± 8.1
III
0.61 ± 0.03
Repellent
10.0
40.0 ± 31.9
15.0 ± 14.0
45.4 ± 8.7
33.5 ± 11.5
II
0.62 ± 0.03
Repellent
RD50
9.6
8.3
7.8
B. sapida
2.0
27.5 ± 7.5
31.2 ± 18.0
19.8 ± 14.2
26.1 ± 7.4
II
0.63 ± 0.03
Repellent
5.0
29.9 ± 27.1
47.9 ± 16.8
45.8 ± 11.0
41.2 ± 10.5
III
0.63 ± 0.03
Repellent
7.0
39.6 ± 15.7
39.1 ± 8.4
41.1 ± 19.3
39.9 ± 7.9
II
0.62 ± 0.02
Repellent
10.0
53.6 ± 27.0
35.4 ± 20.5
51.3 ± 20.0
46.8 ± 12.1
III
0.61 ± 0.02
Repellent
RD50
9.6
11.6
7.6
K. senegalensis
2.0
25.0 ± 14.4
25.5 ± 12.3
37.9 ± 11.6
29.4 ± 6.9
II
0.62 ± 0.02
Repellent
5.0
29.5 ± 30.9
34.5 ± 16.1
42.8 ± 11.7
35.6 ± 11.2
II
0.62 ± 0.02
Repellent
7.0
25.0 ± 15.0
55.3 ± 18.3
73.7 ± 9.0
51.3 ± 9.7
III
0.60 ± 0.02
Repellent
10.0
16.9 ± 6.9
47.0 ± 11.3
53.1 ± 6.7
39.0 ± 6.5
II
0.60 ± 0.02
Repellent
RD50
17.9
8.7
4.1
1.507
0.567
0.543
0.896
value
0.159
0.880
0.900
0.547
Means within the same rows followed by the same letter are not significantly different (). RD50 refers to the concentration (% w/w) that repels 50% of the test insects using probit regression analysis.
